A comparative study on the tibial morphology among several populations in ancient East Asia

Human skeletal morphology is a dynamic system affected by both physiological and environmental factors, due to the functional adaptation remodeling responses of bones. To further explore bone environment consequent subsistence strategies determined diverse natural contexts in Anthropocene, this study presents comparative on tibiae seven ancient populations located different regions East Asia. Through analysis tibial shaft morphology, between genders was conducted evaluate differences external sexual division labor. The cnemic indices were selected quantify shape. Results showed that had morphology. Among males, those Jinggouzi flattest tibia while Changle widest tibia. females, females Hanben tibia, whereas from Shiqiao, Changle, Yinxu among widest. dimorphism relatively larger Shiqiao smaller Tuchengzi Changle. combination previous archaeological findings, historical records, ethnography aboriginal Taiwanese, it concluded terrain ecological environments laid basis for varied strategies. In addition, mobility social labor under particular strategy contributed lower limb its context. provides insight habitual activities, terrestrial patterns, populations, which lived during Bronze Age early Iron Age, thus demonstrating interactions human Anthropocene.